Response to Article about Cystic Fibrosis Essay -- Biology

Cystic Fibrosis - Summary of Article It has been known for quite some time that CFTR is a cAMP regulated chloride ion channel whose mutation is intimately linked to cystic fibrosis (CF). However, the abnormality in the chloride ion channels is not the only biochemical peculiarity associated with the disease. Of particular interest to researchers is the finding that sodium ion (Na+) absorption in the cells of CF patients is both elevated and positively related to the cAMP concentration, whereas, in normal cells, cAMP concentration is inversely related to the rate of Na+ absorption. The malfunction of the Na+ pump becomes immediately apparent, for the primary symptom of CF is a chronic bacterial infection of the lungs, due to the abnormally low viscosity of the fluid which bathes the cellular epithelium; by pumping ions into the airway, rather than into the cell, a thermodynamically unfavorable concentration gradient of sodium ions is is established, in which the airway is hypotonic and osmosis is kinetically favored. In the case of CF, the local chloride pump is inoperative, and the sodium pumps are incredibly overactive, importing Na+ from the airway, and taking water out of the fluid inside the lungs in the process. Therefore, is is inappropriate to place the sole responsibility for the low fluid viscosity directly upon the mutation of the CFTR protein. Studies have demonstrated that the elevated Na+ absorption is not due to an overexpression of the Na+ transport protein, ENaC, in the membrane, nor can cAMP sensitivity be linked to a genetically mutated ENaC. The possibility that the altered CFTR indirectly led to the Na+ channel phenomena by altering the functionality of normal ENaC formed the basis of a hypothesis which ... ...The use of amiloride as a form of treatment is significant because amiloride actually helps the body in correcting the chloride and sodium ion concentration, thereby rehydrating the cells and thinning the mucus. This process differs from current treatments which loosen the mucus or dilute it so the patients can rids their lungs of the infectious substance more easily. Works Cited 1.) Purves, WK, Orians GH, Heller HC. Life: the Science of Biology. Sunderland: Sinauer Associates, Inc.; 1995. Chapter 15, Genetic Disease and Modern Medicine; pages 334-352. 2.) "CF-FAQ Part 1." Ed. Ron Trueworthy. CF-WEB. Internet. 10 September 1996. 3.) S. H. Wright, interview by group members. Tucson, Arizona, 22 October 1996. 4.) M. J. Stutts, C. M. Canessa, J. C. Olsen, M. Hamrick, J. A. Cohn, B. C. Rossier, R. C. Boucher, Science, v. 269, 11 August 1995, pages 847-850.

Martial Arts Influence in Indonesia Essay

Martial arts in Indonesia all started when the Chinese raced Indonesians brought the Chinese martial arts to Indonesia allowing Indonesian martial arts to develop. The martial arts depicted in Kho Ping Hoo and the movie ‘Merantau’ both have similarities and differences. Kho Ping Hoo was a famous Indonesian martial art author with Chinese ethnicity who wrote stories about martial art. Kho Ping Hoo was inspired from Hongkong and Taiwanese films. Kho Ping Hoo wrote books illegally since during that era, anything that was Chinese related was banned including the language. The type of martial art Kho Ping Hoo wrote was KungFu. KungFu is a martial art of self-defense. Kungfu is a martial art where the aim is to attack the pressure points and any other weak spots. Kungfu uses both hand and foot techniques. The kunfu techniques could also be applied on bamboo sticks, nun chucks, swords, spears and many other weapons; Kungfu techniques could pretty much be applied in anything realistic as a weapon. Kungfu is one of the most popular and oldest well known martial arts. Kho Ping Hoo mentioned that Kungfu is a martial art of internal energy. The movie ‘Merantau’ is an Indonesian martial art based movie, mainly silak minang. ‘Merantau’ means to seek for an opportunity in a new place. Silak minang is a type of Indonesian martial art, pencak silat. The specific type of martial art used in the movie was silat harimau. This martial art concentrates on the movement of a tiger. Silat harimau is a martial art which can be fought with both legs and arms. Silat harimau has a specific weapon used called the ‘kuku harimau’ which has a concaved shape. This weapon is used as an extension nail whereas can give severe damage. The Silak minang is mainly used for self defense. There are many similarities and differences between the martial arts in the movie ‘Merantau’ and the martial mentioned in Kho Ping Hoo’s book. A difference is that Kho Ping Hoo didn’t mention any specific weapon used in Kungfu apart from a bamboo stick. However, in the movie ‘Merantau’ the people that demonstrate the martial art of silek minang uses a weapon called ‘kuku harimau.’ A similarity is that both silek minang and kungfu is used as a purpose of self – defense. However Silek minang could also be performed in a ceremony or a festival. In conclusion, the martial arts depicted in Kho Ping Hoo and the movie ‘Merantau’ both have similarities and differences. Even though both these martial arts come from different places, they are both used as a purpose of self – defense.

Analysis Of Mary Shelley s Frankenstein - 1540 Words

This paper explores Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein and two articles by John Nosta from Forbes and Nick Collins from the Telegraph in regards to the advantages and disadvantages of technology in society. Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein shows the conflict between those advantages and disadvantages through its plot and characters. The articles, however, gives two somewhat opposite perspectives on the advantages and disadvantages of technology. They explore whether technology is humankind’s monster. Nosta regards technology in a positive light, while Collins has a neutral stance on technology. This paper identifies the advantages and disadvantages of technology and examines them. This paper also explores the ethical issues of in the development and use of technology. Are we creating a monster? The pursuit of technological advancement and Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein Since its creation, Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein has been the inspiration for many science fiction literature and media. Technology is the application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes; it has helped develop society to what it is today. Frankenstein testifies to the advantages and disadvantages of technological development through its plot. The novel shows how one’s creation affect oneself and those around it. Literature Review In Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus, Mary Shelley unfolds the story of a young student of science, Victor Frankenstein, in University of Ingolstadt, Germany; whoShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Mary Shelley s Frankenstein1411 Words   |  6 PagesIn the early 1800s Mary Shelley set pen to a paper and started to develop a novel that little to her knowledge would become world renowned. In 1818 she finished and published the novel to sell to the European public. The novel caught the world off guard in the way that a female was able to write about such harsh, dark, and evil things in a European society whose authors like John Locke and Charles Montesquieu preached enlightenment, self exploration, and individualism all in an optimistic enablingRead MoreAnalysis Of Mary Shelley s Frankenstein1615 Words   |  7 Pagesa whole and how accurate a depiction they might think it to be, they will miss out on many of the qualities of the painting that reside below the immedia tely apparent surface level. Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein is a text dedicated to expounding upon the dangers of such superficial analysis. In Frankenstein, Mary Shelley openly condemns the surface level and appearance oriented methodology under which the human mind operates. The very protagonist of the novel is inspired solely by reputation and howRead MoreAnalysis Of Mary Shelley s Frankenstein 1758 Words   |  8 PagesFrankenstein was published over 200 years ago. Ever since it was published, it has been one of the most famous books known to literature. History.com Staff states that this book, by 21-year-old Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley, is frequently called the world’s first science fiction novel (History.com Staff). According to Wikipedia, Shelley was an English novelist. She was born August 30th, 1797. She died on February 1st, 1951 (Wikipedia). Shelley came up with the idea of Frankenstein as she andRead MoreBiblical Analysis Of Mary Shelley s Frankenstein 1376 Words   |  6 PagesLiterature 16 November 2015 Biblical Analysis: Frankenstein Frankenstein by Mary Shelley often refers to the bible on a number of occasions. However, it is worth noting that many references used by Mary Shelley in Frankenstein can often be identified in Genesis. Much like Genesis, the story of Frankenstein is a viable creation story. The book of Genesis first explains the creation of man and woman, and also recounts the fall of humanity. Unlike Genesis, Frankenstein begins with the fall of humanityRead MoreAnalysis Of Mary Shelley s Frankenstein And Frankenstein1410 Words   |  6 Pagescompassion and sympathy through the love of a person whom cares very deeply about them. In Frankenstein by Mary Shelley, the three main characters Robert Walton, Victor Frankenstein and Frankenstein (The Monster) are shown throughout the story, longing and in search for a companion. Throughout the story, the characters struggle with the battle of wanting either sympathy or compassion from a person or both. Mary Shelley shows the true indication of Human Nature by showing the importance of sympathy andRead MoreAnalysis of Mary Shelley ´s Frankenstein991 Words   |  4 Pagesalive. If it can learn, eventually speak, or came about because of another, it’s a person. The Creature of Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein is no exception. Victor’s creation needs nourishment, education, and morals, which should be provided by it’s creator, it’s parent, just like any other child. The way that needs of an individual are met shapes the outcome of their life. In her novel, Shelley demonstrates this impact that parents have on their child’s life through the contrasting upbringing of VictorRead MoreAnalysis Of Mary Shelley s Frankenstein 1701 Words   |  7 Pages Frankenstein is a novel that is practically devoid of any female presence, yet author Mary Shelley pens a story that is lush with portrayals of feminine ideology. Throughout the course of this novel, the audience is introduced to three different female characters. The first is Elizabeth Lavenza— Victor Frankenstein’s wife. She is presented as a passive and weak woman who embodies the traditional role of women in the 19th century. Caroline Beaufort is present in the novel, but her role is limitedRead MoreAnalysis Of Mary Shelley s Frankenstein 1038 Words   |  5 PagesAlexi Torres English III Dr. W.W. Allman December 1, 2015 Frankenstein In Mary Shelley’s, Frankenstein, she shows that good people can turn evil, but are not born this way. Humans being rude and isolating someone can make a person go insane and do things they are not proud of. Shelley shows this through the creature that Frankenstein creates and gives examples showing his evilness, but also shows that the creature tries to explain many times that he wants a friend and cannot find one becauseRead MoreAnalysis Of Mary Shelley s Frankenstein 1088 Words   |  5 PagesCreature’s Argument In the novel, Frankenstein, by Mary Shelley, the Creature s only need is for a female companion, which he asks Victor Frankenstein his maker to create. Shelley shows the argument between the creature and Frankenstein. The creature says: I demand a creature of another sex, but as hideous as myself (Shelley 139). Shelley shows what the creature wants from Frankenstein and what his needs are. Shelley gives us an idea of the sympathy that Frankenstein might feel for the creature evenRead MoreAnalysis Of Mary Shelley s Frankenstein 843 Words   |  4 PagesThe Wretch Frankenstein is a novel written by English author Mary Shelley about a peculiar scientist named Victor Frankenstein. Victor, who is a scientist endeavoring to make history, engenders a monstrous but attentive creature in an eccentric scientific experiment. The monster that he engenders faces abnegation and fear from his creator and society. The monster is the worst kind of scientific experiment gone awry. The creature has compassion for society but additionally wants to take revenge on